While the bond market is continuously developing and growing, the risks behind them are becoming more and more prominent. Since the bond market broke the rigid payment in 2014, the amount and quantity of bond defaults have been increasing. The decline is to show the characteristics of high credit rating, state -owned background enterprise, and multi-industry diffusion. The occurrence of bond defaults has brought different degrees of damage to related entities. This has a great risk for the bond market. Therefore, in this context, how to effectively deal with the impact of bond default risks on enterprises and conducts empirical analysis on the basis of this is a major problem. This article analyzes the causes of bond default from the perspective of breach of contract, and according to the reasons, the solution to risk management is proposed, including macroeconomic regulation and specific measures.

Bond market is an important part of financial market. A fully developed bond market can provide protection against financial risks and maintain the stability of financial markets. Compared with capitalist countries, the development process of Chinese bond market has its particularity. Since 1981, after more than 40 years of development, Chinese bond market has now run smoothly, with a high-level opening up and orderly. Moreover, the investor structure has been diversified, and the trading volume of the money market continues to increase. However, there are still problems, such as insufficient liquidity, lack of diversity, and the bond market 's inability to fully play its basic role in resource allocation and regulatory holes. For these problems, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of market participation, product type, market supervision and policy implementation, in order to help the development of Chinese bond market.

Equity market declines fiercely caused by the current liquidity crisis. Investors pay more attention to optimized portfolio in order to reduce losses. 5 representative indexes were chosen from capital market to construct financial portfolios. The sketch of the efficient frontier was plotted, and portfolios with the 1/N, the maximum sharpe ratio and the minimum volatility were acquired based on 10000 scipy optimization calculations, the FTSE100 accounts for the largest section of the portfolio with the maximum sharpe ratio while the SSE Composite Index possesses the biggest shares in the portfolio with minimum volatility. Comparing three portfolio returns of accumulations, it could be observed that the maximum sharpe ratio portfolio’s performance surpassed the 1/N and the minimum variance portfolio, several investors could make reasonable decisions refer to this result in the special tough period.

Inflation and volatility have reached previously unheard-of heights as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic's significant market disruptions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the pandemic's short- and long-term effects on financial markets while taking into account how these effects vary across nations and geographical areas. Investors, businesses, and governments around the world have faced enormous challenges as a result of the initial stock market decline in February and March 2020 as well as the ongoing economic volatility and unpredictability.

With the improvement of China's economic level of aging, China has also encountered the problem that most developed countries will encounter - aging. However, since China is still a developing country and it is per capita economic level is relatively low compared with developed countries, China's aging degree is relatively low. Therefore, this paper mainly studies whether China's aging level has had an impact on market employment in the past few years. This paper uses regression analysis to analyze whether aging has affected the employment of Chinese enterprises. The dependent variable is the employment level of enterprises, and the independent variable is the aging population.; Use multiple analysis methods to judge the possible consequences of aging on Chinese enterprises. The research result is that China's aging has had an impact on the employment of Chinese enterprises and will have a relatively bad impact on the employment situation in China in the future.

The rise of mobile payments and online shopping in an era based on advanced internet technology has provided a lot of convenience to the public, however how the relationship between the two develops determines the socio-economic and development level. This article will focus on the interplay between mobile payments and online shopping, analysing and defining each of them. In examining the relationship and impact of the two, this article uses a qualitative research method using questionnaires to investigate payment penetration, user size, purchase patterns, and reasons for mobile payments and online shopping. The study provides insight into the pros and cons of the two, and the corresponding relationship between the outputs. The result is that mobile payments and online shopping in China are interactive and complementary. This paper obtains empirical results from the study that mobile payments should be combined with online shopping, and that in the future, both will work together to overcome online challenges to better develop.

In the modern era, finance is a tool that anyone is able to use to manage their wealth. People are eager to invest their extra money, and this piece is written with individual investors in mind who can utilize it as a resource when building a portfolio. In this study, the CAPM model and Markowitz model are used to determine the efficient frontier, capital allocation line, minimum risk portfolio, and optimal portfolio using three stocks chosen from various exchange markets and the SPX index. The data was analyzed to demonstrate that higher risk carries a higher expected return, and that the stock price also adheres to the normal distribution theory. Additionally, it covers the pertinent risk factors and how to diversify the risks. This paper offers guidance regarding the management of wealth for individual investors.

Canada is not only a geographic neighbor of the United States, but also one of its most important trading partners. The Fed's interest rate hike has had many effects on Canada, not only in terms of its impact on financial markets, but also in terms of its impact on international trade. This paper will discuss the perspective of financial markets, the impacts of the Fed's interest rate hike on the exchange rate market, the stock market and the bond market. In terms of international trade, Cenovus Energy Inc. will be taken as an example to study the impacts on international trade between the two countries based on the existing background from 2020 to 2022 because during the past three years, there were the period that the Fed did not adjust interest rates and the period that the Fed raised interest rates suddenly. Finally, conclusions will be drawn from the above analysis, and some recommendations for Canadian monetary authority, multinational corporations, and investors will be given.

In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, the financial market pattern is also changing. And the way of consumption through the Internet is gradually becoming mainstream. In order to meet the needs of the majority of consumers, online credit products have emerged. The emergence of this new financial service is not only a change in the quality of life of the masses of society, but also a new challenge for the financial market. Therefore, this paper investigates its impact on consumers' over-consumption decisions. Through regression analysis, we conclude that there is a positive relationship between the online credit lending model and the public's overspending decision. And the higher the loan amount, the longer the repayment period, the lower the loan interest rate, and the more accessible the loan qualification, the higher the public's willingness to overspend. On the other hand, the degree of loan facilitation has no statistically significant effect on the degree of overspending. By establishing a model to analyze the degree of overspending, this study is conducive to the establishment of reasonable consumption habits by consumers. It can help the financial service industry understand customers' consumption tendencies, rationalize their programs and provide a reference for government agencies to formulate economic policies. And it can promote the successful development of the financial market.

With the development of the Internet, online shopping has become increasingly important and widespread in people's daily lives. The marketing methods used by merchants in online shopping have gradually attracted the attention of scholars and research. However, consumers know little about the marketing strategies and merchants are not sure which of these marketing strategies they prefer. This paper is based on the background of the times, firstly, the research and summary of the relevant literature to understand the types and outlines of marketing strategies, based on this research method of interview collection, the collection of interview texts and analysis of the texts, the study of the impact of different marketing strategies on consumer preferences, with the intention of research to test the hypothesis proposed in the text. After analyzing the interview texts, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Product marketing strategy positively impacts consumer choice preferences; 2. Price marketing strategy has a positive impact on consumer choice preferences; 3. Channel marketing strategy has a positive impact on consumer choice preferences; 4. Promotional marketing strategy has a positive impact on consumer choice preferences; 5. Consumers tend to prefer promotional marketing strategies. Based on this, this paper gives suggestions that merchants should choose promotional marketing strategies first and mix other marketing strategies to achieve better results in online marketing.

This study was about how TikTok self-marketing realizes intellectual property (IP). The investigation relied on observational research using social media tracking following TikTok creators and a review of TikTok's IP policies. Besides, this research illuminated how to create an IP on TikTok and then analyzed how to achieve traffic cash-in by building an IP on TikTok while showcasing the platform's capacity for self-promotion. Building IP has become very important for social media influencers. The study looked at five basic steps of building IP for TikTok Self-Marketing which are likely to help influencers make Influencer TikTok accounts successful.

International reserve refers to the assets that a country 's monetary authority can use to intervene in the foreign exchange market and pay the balance of payments at any time. With the development of China 's foreign economy, China 's foreign exchange reserves have grown rapidly since 1995, reaching a peak of $ 3.84 trillion in 2014.For a long time, international reserves have become one of the important academic topics actively studied and discussed by many economists at home and abroad. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of various macroeconomic indicators on the scale of international reserves, in order to find out the most significant indicators that affect the scale of international reserves, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing international reserve management. By using Eviews to conduct a regression analysis on the data of the China statistic yearbook from 1981 to 2021, this paper attempts to find out the factor that influences the international reserve and put forward advice for improving international reserve management. According to the investigation of international reserves, economic scale, average import tendency and exchange rate, the final conclusion is that the impact of economic scale and average import tendency on the scale of international reserves is significant.

As a popular international trade payment tool, PayPal is loved by the masses around the world, utilizing its advanced technology, risk management and control, and customer service capabilities in the field of e-commerce payments. This paper gives information about PayPal and its current development. On the basis of the existing literature and data, the main purpose of the essay is to summarize the advantages of PayPal’s corporate strategy by analyzing its specific profit model and to explore the secrets of PayPal’s success. The analysis of PayPal’s success can strengthen its competitiveness in the field of online payment platforms and it also provides a better reference for other companies of the same type. Through specific theories and data from PayPal, this paper was able to conclude that Paypal’s greatest corporate strategic advantage is its combination of data insights, the Internet and technology, using SSL as a security system and expanding user base, gaining consumer trust and thus targeting consumer and merchant needs to create its own maximum profitability while having a sustainable competitive advantage.

With the development of markets of household electric appliances and the extinct sales performance of Midea, Midea should be viewed as a good example to explore. Many company values are overstated or understated, which has caused major problems for the stability of markets. Therefore, the author made an effort to determine the company's value so that it could be compared to its market capitalization to determine whether it is underpriced or overpriced. And in order to do that, the company was examined using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model. It was discovered that the market price of Midea should be around 384.92 billion CNY, which is slightly higher than its actual market capitalisation. As a result, although there might be some deviations made by some other factors, that might indicate that Midea has been marginally underpriced in the market.

With the rapid development of technology in the new era, social media has become an indispensable part of everyone's life, and the Internet has penetrated into the lives of people of different ages. At the same time, many products are promoted through the Internet. Of course, this also has certain disadvantages -- rapid popularity but short life cycle. However, this marketing method also saves many endangered brands, such as "Huaxizi air honey powder", "Ke Qi lip glaze", "Hongxing Erke". In 2020, the Chi Forest took "sugar free" as the name of the beverage brand to attract a lot of people's eyes and attention. It only took 4 years for Chi Forest to enter the market and occupy the market, so this paper used MLA model to study and analyze the marketing methods of this brand.The significance of this research is to analyze the marketing method of Chi Forest to determine whether this marketing model can be applied to the same type of products, or whether the unique marketing method can teach us anything from it.

Understanding the link between a person's health spending and their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can have important effects on policy decisions at both the individual and national level. The research mainly explores the impact of individual CO2 emissions, GDP, and health expenditure on individual life expectancy. The study, through a method of quantitative data analysis, analyses existing data and explores the relationships between independent variables and dependent variables. The author uses the decision tree model and a linear regression model to predict the impact of these factors on life expectancy. The study aims to understand the trends and patterns in the distribution and outliers of individual GDP/CO2 Emissions/Life Expectancy/Health Expenditure datasets across 261 countries from 2000 to 2019. The research finds that individual health expenditure has a positive impact on individual life expectancy, while GDP level and CO2 emissions have a negative impact. The study also explores the greatest impact of these independent variables on an individual's life expectancy and how changing the maximum depth of the decision tree affects model accuracy and feature importance. Overall, the study provides insights into the relationships between these variables and their impact on individual life expectancy, which has important implications for policy and interventions aimed at promoting public health and environmental sustainability.

Apple Inc. is currently a cutting-edge company in the field of technology, and its released products occupy most of the market share in the respective fields. Therefore, aiming at the reasons for Apple's success and its future development direction, this article literature review SWOT analysis to analyze and discuss the reasons for Apple’s success. Apple’s success basically lies its innovation, improvement of consumer service, and reform of supply chain management. However, in the future, Apple should consider maintaining its innovation speed and avoiding expanding its service into a large number of irrelevant markets, thereby increasing service and management risk.

The onset of COVID-19 in December 2019 dealt a devastating blow to offline consumption. However, it also accelerated the emergence of certain phenomena, including the rapid rise of the e-commerce livestreaming. This represents an innovative exploration of market operations and profit models using new network media. E-commerce live-streaming content aims to convert live video viewers into online store buyers. The main purpose of e-commerce livestreaming is to convert viewers into online store buyers and promote product sales. During the live-streaming process, hosts showcase and introduce products, demonstrate their usage, answer viewers' questions, and enhance their awareness and desire to purchase, thereby achieving promotional goals. In addition, through live streaming interactions and creating a good user experience, e-commerce platforms, and brands can increase user loyalty and brand awareness, and improve market share, and competitiveness. Therefore, e-commerce livestreaming has become an important component of marketing strategies for major e-commerce platforms and brands. However, previous literature pertaining to social media has predominantly focused on issues such as the adoption of social media, user engagement, knowledge contribution, as well as the utilization of social media as a marketing intelligence tool by businesses. There are few discussions about the direct or indirect impact of this content on consumer behavior. This article analyzes the impact of e-commerce livestreaming on the purchasing behavior of Chinese nationals and infers the reasons for the conversion, focusing on one of the more intuitive consumption phenomena.

The e-commerce market in China has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by technological advances in the Internet and the Covid-19 pandemic. Douyin, a leading social media platform, has conducted cross-market commerce and managed to gain significant market share in the e-commerce market with its innovative marketing approach and expansion into various product segments. This paper explores the reasons behind Douyin's success, focusing on effectively leveraging the advantages of its unique social e-commerce capabilities and developing two potential markets, second-hand luxury goods and agricultural products. By leveraging its user base and short video plus live streaming format, Douyin has effectively promoted its products and captured market share. In addition, the platform's exploration of promising market segments such as second-hand luxury goods and agricultural products has allowed it to carve out a niche in the e-commerce space. By facilitating direct communication between consumers and sellers, Douyin has revolutionized the buying and selling process, streamlining transactions and increasing transparency.

The Chinese market for modern agricultural products now includes the agricultural futures market, which is also one of the most significant investment and risk management tools in the country due to the rapid development of China's economy and the globalization of the international market. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the historical history, market development, policy environment, institutional design, trading system, and risk management of China's agricultural commodity futures market. This study also offers some solutions in response to some issues that are now present in the market for agricultural products. The development of China's agricultural future has experienced a tortuous course, despite the efforts of all parties to benefit the country and its people. This research is from the investment subject, market regulation, and market environment analysis and gives detailed suggestions.