Trade-off theory is one of the important theories for firms to adjust their capital structure. However, there is still controversy about its applicability in reality. This paper focuses on exploring its practicality by analysing the literature and after examining the literature on commercial banks in Bangladesh, it is found that the impact of different financial indicators of these banks on the changes in their capital structure is consistent with the assumptions of the trade-off theory, and it is reasonably argued that the reason why firms in reality tend to use debt financing can be explained by the fact that firms are trying to gain the advantage of the tax shield. The paper also analyses the change in firm value of firms with different debt levels about the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States and demonstrates that firms with high debt levels experience a decline in firm value as their probability of bankruptcy increases, which is consistent with the trade-off theory. In addition, while the traditional view is that the trade-off theory can only explain why firms with higher profitability have high debt ratios, this paper argues that the theory can also explain why firms with high profitability have low debt ratios. Therefore, this paper proposes a reasonable explanation for the utility of the trade-off theory.

As an emerging economic model, the sharing economy has developed rapidly over the past decade, revolutionising and upgrading the way people consume goods and services. This model connects idle resources with the da roside through a technological platform, effectively improving the efficiency of resource utilisation, while also challenging the traditional market operation model. The direct impact of the sharing economy on the structure of the economy and the transformation of consumer attitudes as well as lifestyles it embodies have attracted widespread discussion and attention. This study aims to analyse in depth the nature of the sharing economy, its operating mechanism and its impact on traditional economic theory and practice from the perspective of economics, with a view to providing a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the phenomenon.This paper adopts the methods of literature review, case analysis and comparative study to explore in depth the economic principles and practical applications of the sharing economy. The study first reviews the development history of the sharing economy and clarifies its concepts and characteristics, then analyses its impact on economic theory and market operation, and finally explores the various challenges and coping strategies in the face of the rapid development of the sharing economy. Through this research, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sharing economy phenomenon, offering insights and recommendations for policy makers, market participants, and academics.

The establishment of diplomatic ties between China and South Korea dates back to 1992, marking over three decades of bilateral relations. The bilateral trade has generated fruitful outcomes between the two nations. In the background of the accelerated evolution of century-old transformations, profound changes are occurring in the global and regional economic landscape. During the post-epidemic period, China-South Korea economic and trade cooperation encounters numerous challenges, including structural adjustment and restructuring of industrial chains and supply chains. This paper based on the analysis of Sino-South Korea trade data by the Ministry of Commerce of China. Firstly, this paper introduced the "Trade Integration Index" to measure the level of trade interdependence between China and South Korea, revealing a significant degree of mutual reliance in their trade relationship. However, South Korea exhibits a higher degree of economic interdependence with China and relies heavily on trade. In recent years, the trade complementarity between China and South Korea has diminished while competition has intensified. By examining the global trade system, this paper conducted a comparative analysis of South Korea's import and export partners, revealing a significant reliance on China. Based on this, this paper puts forward some suggestions on Korea's trade deficit.

This paper explores the transformative impact of big data technology on cross-border supply chain inventory management. In the era of globalization, supply chains face increased complexities and risks, particularly in cross-border logistics. Challenges include transportation uncertainties, delays due to long-distance transport, infrastructure disparities, and transparency issues. Integrating big data analytics offers a solution to these challenges by enabling predictive analytics for demand forecasting, inventory optimization, and risk management. This study highlights the role of big data in enhancing supply chain transparency, reducing uncertainties, and improving decision-making processes. Examples from JD E-commerce and NongFu Spring demonstrate the practical application of big data in optimizing inventory management and mitigating risks. JD E-commerce employs artificial intelligence and big data analytics for inventory management, leading to reduced turnover days and cost efficiency. NongFu Spring, on the other hand, uses big data for scenario marketing and supply chain optimization. The paper concludes that big data technology not only revolutionizes inventory management but also plays a crucial role in addressing risks in the supply chain, thus leading to more efficient, transparent, and resilient supply chains in the face of globalization challenges.